We seem obsessed by popularity. Celebrities, their actions and comments and dress and lifestyle fascinate many. Not all, and not me, but so many that it’s impossible to ignore them.
Click on your browser, whether it be MSN or Yahoo or whatever, and you’ll see lots of stories about celebrities and sensationalism. There’s a small amount of actual news, but it takes some winnowing to find it.
Film; books; music; television; sports. A few practitioners are popular, many can be classed as ‘celebrities’, and even scientists sometimes make the list of such. And yet, how few of these hugely important people or ideas are still important just a few years on? That brief tenure for ideas is the inspiration for this essay.
Celebrity ideas in physics, for example, deal with dark matter and God particles and such. If you’re more into physics-in-depth, it might be quantum mechanics or relativity. The one explains the behavior of the very small, the other explains the behavior of the very large. But neither explains both, and yet each is too important to be abandoned. Nothing else works nearly so well where each applies.
What this means, to me, is that we don’t have full understanding of either of them. Others see no problem with simply using the two where each works best and ignoring the differences.
Some other popular ideas in physics: light is both a particle and a wave. Undeniably, experiments appear to prove this, even though it seems absurd to me. A particle is matter, a wave is energy; and if Einstein (a celebrity by any definition) is to be believed, the conversion factor between the two is huge, something like 900, 000 to one if memory serves. And the two are interchangeable, at least mathematically.
The same holds true for electrons, matter and also at the same time energy. Electrons have mass. But they can also be used, just as light waves are, as a medium for imaging. Electron microscopes use electron ‘waves’ for this purpose, and we’re beginning to see images of things like atoms and even part of atoms and atomic structure.
Once again, I suspect we lack some crucial bit of knowledge to explain the apparent contradictions.
String theory was once celebrated, but is less so nowadays. And dark energy, as well as dark matter, has its investigators and proponents. It’s popular. Even though neither is actually understood beyond the bare theory stage, and even though the likes of me doubts their existence, and if they actually do exist then I suspect they’ll be much less common than current models claim.
Popularity is a funny thing. Galileo was popular among the general public, which brought him to the attention of religious authorities, and that eventually got him tried for heresy. But that very popularity made it politically impossible for those religious authorities to simply burn him in the public square, as they did others. But centuries later Galileo is still popular and those who accused him and tried him and convicted him are forgotten.
I wonder whether Taylor Swift or Justin Bieber will be popular 20 years from now? But Bach and Beethoven and Brahms and so many others, will still be popular as they are now, centuries after their deaths. Mozart, too; no celebrity when he died in poverty, but celebrated now.
Will even entire music venues remain popular? Will rap and hip-hop be around, or will they go the way of doo-wop? Few practitioners of that unlamented style are still around, and calling them ‘celebrities’ would certainly be a stretch. This is true of most popular music, too. Twenty or thirty years on, they are forgotten…and justly so.
And so I wonder how many of the ‘popular’ ideas in science will endure and still be considered relevant a century or ten centuries from now. The mathematics of the ancient Greeks and Arabs is still relevant as much as three thousand years later. The religions of those times, not so much. And the priests, ‘celebrities’ in their lifetimes? Forgotten, even their names lost to obscurity. Kings; popes, princes, once highly important, now forgotten.
Sic transit popularity.
Jobs, too, change. Pity the mathematician who studied to be a calculator before that job was replaced by a machine, or a computer before such machines became readily and cheaply available. How many now even remember what a card-punch operator actually did? And Heinlein’s novel Starman Jones turns on the mathematical ability of two people, one who also had eidetic memory. The common Apple or IBM computer of the late 20th Century rendered Heinlein’s story idea quaint. In Red Planet and a couple of others, the slide rule was the ultimate in calculating devices. Few even know what those are now, and even fewer could make use of them if someone were to hand you one.
Popularity is essentially fleeting. But a few popular things become classics and endure. And some ideas endure even when their originator never became popular. Indeed, some died without understanding that their ideas would live on.
Genetics; everyone’s heard of that. It’s a celebrity idea. But Mendel died in obscurity, even if he’s considered today to be the father of that discipline. And plate tectonics grew from the work of Wegener, who was ridiculed during his lifetime.
And as for celebrities in science, and popular people or ideas, only time will tell whether they are classics or whether they will be abandoned to obscurity.
Moderation
March 20, 2013Moderation.
I’ve been thinking about moderation, and why it’s rarely seen nowadays. And why that is so.
Begin with something that’s been thoroughly demonized by now: tobacco. New York’s mayor recently moved to have tobacco products removed from view and hidden somewhere behind the counter.
There’s no question that tobacco is potentially harmful. The statistical connection between smoking and lung cancer on the one side, and oral tobacco use and cancers of the mouth and throat, is well established. The US Surgeon General has required large and blatant warnings on packages and on any advertising that’s put out to convince the public that despite the problems, tobacco is not all that bad.
Alcohol, too; alcohol is damaging to the health and causes problems in driving. Alcoholics exist, and so like tobacco alcohol can be addicting.
Cocaine; heroin; other drugs, rendered illegal because of addiction and danger to the health. Cocaine has been known to cause fatal heart attacks as well.
And yet, not all persons who try these things become addicted or suffer health problems attributable to the use of these substances.
And that led me to contemplate the concept of moderation. Native Americans used tobacco for centuries with no known side effects. South American natives chewed coca leaves to obtain the active ingredient in cocaine, and heroin is a derivative of a painkiller that’s commonly used in medicine.
What renders all of these dangerous and addictive is the cheap and readily available excess. It becomes too easy for someone who tries one of them, and finds the experience pleasurable, to decide to repeat it.
A Native American council passing the pipe around the circle is unlikely to become addicted. The same is true of chewing coca leaves. But some bright merchandiser decided to increase the potency of the tobacco (more specifically, the nicotine that’s present) and the alkaloids in coca. Indeed, the earliest Coca-Cola got the name because it contained extracts from the coca plant and the cola nut. Heroin, too; that was originally thought to be less addictive than morphine.
Now that Coca-Cola and other cola drinks no longer contain coca, we’re finding that the sugar also is addictive, although in a different fashion. But we consume too much of it for our health. There’s an epidemic of diabetes nowadays, and many trace that to the unrestrained intake of sugar.
The latest culprit is caffeine, the substance that is present in tea (fairly weak), coffee (somewhat stronger), and concentrated in the so-called ‘energy drinks’. There are currently early attempts to regulate these because some have died after consuming them. Caffeine is also known to result in a mild form of addiction.
Food, too. Look around you at the numbers of obese and overweight people. Consider that there are public and private gymnasiums nearby to help you sweat off those pounds, and yoga and karate and pilates classes to supplement the gyms. These wouldn’t have succeeded in the 18th or 19th Century; people got plenty of exercise and food was not nearly so cheap nor so readily available. But consider now that if you go to a supermarket to shop and they tell you your favorite fruit isn’t available because it’s out of season, you are likely to change stores. The next one imports those out of season fruits and vegetables from places where they are in season.
But it’s only because all these substances are cheap and so readily available that use can easily proceed to overuse and then abuse.
The same behavior patterns repeat in other ways. Books, for example; how many books do you own that you haven’t read in a year or more? Got a file of cookbooks on the shelf, just in case you decide to take up Middle-East cookery? While you’re thinking “Not my books!” consider how often you go online for information rather than take the time to search through one of your reference books. Encyclopedias? Really? When so much is so readily available online and when there’s a backup ‘hard copy’ available in the nearest public library? If you haven’t used any of them for a year, or two, or five, do you really need them cluttering up your shelves? How about the clothes you haven’t worn in years and may even have forgotten you own?
How about gadgets and machinery? I confess that I’ve got things that I bought and didn’t find the use for them that I anticipated, but which lay around in my shop because I might someday decide they’re handy?
Consider the case of ‘hoarders’. Some buy jewelry or gadgets, others collect pets.
Cheap and readily available.
And so we’ve become a society where we’re all addicts in one fashion or another.
Disclaimer: my own addictions are tools for the shop, coffee, and books. But I plan to see which of these I can begin to give up.
Coffee is pretty safe, I think.
Tags:Addiction, materialism, social commentary
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